11- What is the most likely outcome of minimal change nephropathy at 16 year of age?
1) a tendency to relapse
2) full renal recovery
3) permanent renal impairment
4) persistent hypertension
5) persistent proteinuria
Answers-2
12- Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct?
1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood
2) rises on a vegetarian diet
3) is determined by the concentration of ammonium
4) is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis
5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting
Answers-2
13- A 2 week old male child is brought to casualty by his concerned parents with diarrhoea and vomiting. He is the first child of a young couple. Examination reveals few features besides obvious dehydration. He is noted to have a penile length of 3.5cms. Which of the following is the most appropriate inital treatment for this patient?
1) Cow's milk allergy is the most likely diagnosis
2) gluten-enteropathy should be excluded
3) Requires urgent treatment with oral steroids
4) Requires urgent treatment with IV normal saline
5) Rota virus gastroenteritis is the most likely diagnosis
Answers-4
14- Which one of the following statements regarding renal function is correct?
1) The daily solute excretion will lie between 75 and 300 mosmol
2) The permeability of the distal nephron to water increases in the presence of vasopressin
3) The rate of ammonium excretion in urine is inversely related to the rate of urinary hydrogen ion excretion
4) A ten minute period of hyperventilation will normally be expected to lead to an increased rate of bicarbonate excretion in urine
5) Sodium reabsorption in the tubules is mainly controlled by aldosterone
Answers-4
15- Which of the following are true of chronic renal failure in childhood?
1) is unlikely to be due to chronic pyelonephritis unless there is a clear history of an acute attack
2) if accompanied by renal osteodystrophy is likely to be associated with severe hypertension
3) is an unusual sequel of acute post-streptococcal glomerulo-nephritis
4) is the most common sequel to the nephrotic syndrome
5) is likely to be benefited by administration of corticosteroids
Answers-3
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1) a tendency to relapse
2) full renal recovery
3) permanent renal impairment
4) persistent hypertension
5) persistent proteinuria
Answers-2
12- Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct?
1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood
2) rises on a vegetarian diet
3) is determined by the concentration of ammonium
4) is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis
5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting
Answers-2
13- A 2 week old male child is brought to casualty by his concerned parents with diarrhoea and vomiting. He is the first child of a young couple. Examination reveals few features besides obvious dehydration. He is noted to have a penile length of 3.5cms. Which of the following is the most appropriate inital treatment for this patient?
1) Cow's milk allergy is the most likely diagnosis
2) gluten-enteropathy should be excluded
3) Requires urgent treatment with oral steroids
4) Requires urgent treatment with IV normal saline
5) Rota virus gastroenteritis is the most likely diagnosis
Answers-4
14- Which one of the following statements regarding renal function is correct?
1) The daily solute excretion will lie between 75 and 300 mosmol
2) The permeability of the distal nephron to water increases in the presence of vasopressin
3) The rate of ammonium excretion in urine is inversely related to the rate of urinary hydrogen ion excretion
4) A ten minute period of hyperventilation will normally be expected to lead to an increased rate of bicarbonate excretion in urine
5) Sodium reabsorption in the tubules is mainly controlled by aldosterone
Answers-4
15- Which of the following are true of chronic renal failure in childhood?
1) is unlikely to be due to chronic pyelonephritis unless there is a clear history of an acute attack
2) if accompanied by renal osteodystrophy is likely to be associated with severe hypertension
3) is an unusual sequel of acute post-streptococcal glomerulo-nephritis
4) is the most common sequel to the nephrotic syndrome
5) is likely to be benefited by administration of corticosteroids
Answers-3
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