26- Oliguria more likely to be due to prerenal failure than intrinsic renal failure if:
1) urine free of red blood cells or casts
2) urine:plasma urea ratio <3
3) urine osmolality <350 mOsm/l
4) in the presence of hypertension, raised JVP and good peripheral circulation
5) urinary sodium >10mM
Answers-1
27- A 30 year old man had a blood pressure of 150/100 mmHg. Clinical examination was normal. Which one of the following would suggest secondary hypertension?
1) 24 hour urinary protein excretion of 1.6g (<0.2)
2) A Creatinine clearance of 90 mL/min (70-140)
3) Left ventricular hypertrophy criteria on the ECG
4) The presence of arteriovenous nipping on fundoscopy.
5) Serum potassium of 3.9 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
Answers-1
28- Which of the following statements regarding idiopathic membranous nephropathy is correct?
1) It characteristically presents in the second decade of life.
2) Progression to end-stage renal failure is rapid.
3) immune complex deposits are typically seen in the glomerular mesangium.
4) Males are twice as commonly affected as females.
5) The nephritic syndrome is a characteristic presentation.
Answers-4
29- In asymptomatic chronic renal failure:
1) there is increase in tubular excretion of urate
2) serum ionised [calcium] is normal
3) serum [phosphate] characteristically increased before GFR falls to 30ml/min
4) increase serum [alkaline phosphotase] mainly due to liver isoenzyme
5) decrease in blood pressure accompanied by increase in extracellular fluid
Answers-2
30- Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies:
1) positive only in Wegener's syndrome associated with renal disease
2) cause neutropenia in SLE
3) present in inflammatory bowel disease
4) increased in systemic lupus erythematosus
5) ANCA positive glomerulonephritis characteristically causes nephrotic syndrome
Answers-3
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1) urine free of red blood cells or casts
2) urine:plasma urea ratio <3
3) urine osmolality <350 mOsm/l
4) in the presence of hypertension, raised JVP and good peripheral circulation
5) urinary sodium >10mM
Answers-1
27- A 30 year old man had a blood pressure of 150/100 mmHg. Clinical examination was normal. Which one of the following would suggest secondary hypertension?
1) 24 hour urinary protein excretion of 1.6g (<0.2)
2) A Creatinine clearance of 90 mL/min (70-140)
3) Left ventricular hypertrophy criteria on the ECG
4) The presence of arteriovenous nipping on fundoscopy.
5) Serum potassium of 3.9 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
Answers-1
28- Which of the following statements regarding idiopathic membranous nephropathy is correct?
1) It characteristically presents in the second decade of life.
2) Progression to end-stage renal failure is rapid.
3) immune complex deposits are typically seen in the glomerular mesangium.
4) Males are twice as commonly affected as females.
5) The nephritic syndrome is a characteristic presentation.
Answers-4
29- In asymptomatic chronic renal failure:
1) there is increase in tubular excretion of urate
2) serum ionised [calcium] is normal
3) serum [phosphate] characteristically increased before GFR falls to 30ml/min
4) increase serum [alkaline phosphotase] mainly due to liver isoenzyme
5) decrease in blood pressure accompanied by increase in extracellular fluid
Answers-2
30- Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies:
1) positive only in Wegener's syndrome associated with renal disease
2) cause neutropenia in SLE
3) present in inflammatory bowel disease
4) increased in systemic lupus erythematosus
5) ANCA positive glomerulonephritis characteristically causes nephrotic syndrome
Answers-3
More Questions & Answers:-
Page1 Page2 Page3 Page4 Page5 Page6 Page7 Page8 Page9
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