51. Situations that predispose a digitalistreated patient to toxicity include
(a) Hypercalcemia
(b) Hyperkalemia
(c) Hypermagnesemia
Ans: A
52. Unfractionated heparin binds to antithrombin III and inactivates clotting factor(s)
(a) Xa
(b) Ixa
(c) Iia
(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: D
53. A patient to be commenced on oral anticoagulant therapy for DVT would be treated with
(a) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal intenational normalized ration (INR) of 2–3
(b) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal INR of 2.5–3.5
(c) Oral anticoagulant therapy with aspirin for a goal INR of 2–3
Ans: A
54. A patient on oral anticoagulant therapy is commenced on sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim, double-strength twice daily.
One may expect to see the international normalized ratio
(a) Increase
(b) Decrease
(c) Remain unchanged
Ans: A
55. When compared to unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins have
(a) Preferential binding affinity to factor Xa relative to Iia (thrombin)
(b) Shorter half-lives
(c) Dose – dependent renal clearance
Ans: A
56. Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except
(a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media)
(b) Severe hypotension or circulatolry collapse
(c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure
(d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria
(e) Hyperkalemia
Ans: E
57. During Phase 2 of action potential in cardiac cell, depolarizing current through calcium channels is balanced by
(a) Delayed rectifier potassium current
(b) outward chloride channel
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Ans: A
58. The action of quinidine differs from that of digitalis in
(a) Decreasing irritability of cardiac muscle
(b) Preventing passage of impulses to the ventricle
(c) Increasing irritability of heart muscle
(d) Reducing conductivity
(e) None of the above
Ans: A
59. Overuse of digitalis may result in
(a) Habituation
(b) Tolerance
(c) Addiction
(d) Physical dependence
(e) Cummulative poisoning
Ans: E
60. The action of digitalis is enhanced by
(a) Sodium
(b) Calcium
(c) Magnesium
(d) Potassium
(e) Chloride
Ans: B
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(a) Hypercalcemia
(b) Hyperkalemia
(c) Hypermagnesemia
Ans: A
52. Unfractionated heparin binds to antithrombin III and inactivates clotting factor(s)
(a) Xa
(b) Ixa
(c) Iia
(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above
Ans: D
53. A patient to be commenced on oral anticoagulant therapy for DVT would be treated with
(a) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal intenational normalized ration (INR) of 2–3
(b) Oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin for a goal INR of 2.5–3.5
(c) Oral anticoagulant therapy with aspirin for a goal INR of 2–3
Ans: A
54. A patient on oral anticoagulant therapy is commenced on sulfamethoxazoletrimethoprim, double-strength twice daily.
One may expect to see the international normalized ratio
(a) Increase
(b) Decrease
(c) Remain unchanged
Ans: A
55. When compared to unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins have
(a) Preferential binding affinity to factor Xa relative to Iia (thrombin)
(b) Shorter half-lives
(c) Dose – dependent renal clearance
Ans: A
56. Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except
(a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media)
(b) Severe hypotension or circulatolry collapse
(c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure
(d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria
(e) Hyperkalemia
Ans: E
57. During Phase 2 of action potential in cardiac cell, depolarizing current through calcium channels is balanced by
(a) Delayed rectifier potassium current
(b) outward chloride channel
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Ans: A
58. The action of quinidine differs from that of digitalis in
(a) Decreasing irritability of cardiac muscle
(b) Preventing passage of impulses to the ventricle
(c) Increasing irritability of heart muscle
(d) Reducing conductivity
(e) None of the above
Ans: A
59. Overuse of digitalis may result in
(a) Habituation
(b) Tolerance
(c) Addiction
(d) Physical dependence
(e) Cummulative poisoning
Ans: E
60. The action of digitalis is enhanced by
(a) Sodium
(b) Calcium
(c) Magnesium
(d) Potassium
(e) Chloride
Ans: B
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