1- Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis?
1) Aminoaciduria would be expected.
2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective
3) Increased Glomerular filtration rate is expected.
4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected.
5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+
Answers-2
H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and
thus helped treated with mineralocorticoids. It is usually seen in chronic renal disease and hence low GFR and particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine
bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.
2- A 16 year old male with a day history of malaise, weakness and vomiting. He was diagnosed with Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 3 years prviously. Which ONE of the following supports a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis:
1) Abdominal pain at onset
2) A serum bicarbonate of 10 mmol/l
3) A serum glucose 14 mmol/l
4) Decreased appetite in the past few days
5) Shallow respirations
Answers-2
a-An unusual but recognised feature particularly in children. However does not support a diagnosis of DKA. b-Suggests metabolic acidosis. c-'Normoglycaemic
DKA' can occur and a glucose of 14 doesn't rule out the diagnosis but it does not support the diagnosis. d-Usually patients are unwell with infections and anorexia.
e-Respiratory compensation leads to rapid deep (Kussmaul's) breathing. (Dr Mike Mulcahy)
3- Which of the following statements concerning abnormalities of the haemoglobin molecule is true?
1) Alpha thalassaemia is due to a deficiency of beta-chain production
2) HbS is caused by a single base mutation on the beta-chain
3) genes for the alpha and beta chains are located on the same chromosome
4) in thalassaemia persistance of HbF is an adverse prognostic sign
5) oliguneoclitide probes may assist in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies
Answers-2
Alpha Thalassaemia is due to abnormalities of the alpha chain. Persistence of HbF has survival advnatages in severely affected subjects. C-alpha 16, beta 11. e-Hb
electrophoresis(Dr Shu Ho)
4- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of familial hypercholesterolaemia?
1) Autosomal dominant inheritance
2) elevated chylomicrons
3) hypertriglyceridaemia
4) increased expression of LDL receptors
5) Palmar xanthomas
Answers-1
Familial hypercholesterolaemia is an autosomal dominant condition manifest by increased LDL concentrations (not chylomicrons) due to constitutional abnormalities and reduced numbers of the LDL receptor. Hypertriglyceridaemia is not characteristic and HDL concentrations are usually decreased. Tendon xanthomata are characteristic and the condition is associated with a premature cardiovascular mortality.
5- Which one of the following is a feature of the VIPoma syndrome?
1) Alkalosis
2) Hypoglycaemia
3) Hypokalaemia
4) Increased gastric acid seceretion
5) Provocation of VIP release by somatostatin
Answers-3
a, b,d,e: All opposite to what is expected. VIPOMA -Features vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting tumour, mainly pancreas rarely ganglioneuroblatoma
(sympathetic chain or adrenal cortex), secretory diarrhoea ('pancreatic cholera'), weight loss, dehydration, abdominal colic, cutaneous flushing, raised plasma VIP,
urea+Calcium, raised plasma pancreatic polypeptide, hypokalaemic acidosis (loss of alkaline secretions), achlorydia, mildly raised glucose, normal functions of VIP. -
increased intestinal secretion water and electrolytes -peripheral vasodilation - inhibits gastric acid secretion -potentiates acetylcholine action on salivary glands
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1) Aminoaciduria would be expected.
2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective
3) Increased Glomerular filtration rate is expected.
4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected.
5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+
Answers-2
H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and
thus helped treated with mineralocorticoids. It is usually seen in chronic renal disease and hence low GFR and particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine
bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.
2- A 16 year old male with a day history of malaise, weakness and vomiting. He was diagnosed with Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 3 years prviously. Which ONE of the following supports a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis:
1) Abdominal pain at onset
2) A serum bicarbonate of 10 mmol/l
3) A serum glucose 14 mmol/l
4) Decreased appetite in the past few days
5) Shallow respirations
Answers-2
a-An unusual but recognised feature particularly in children. However does not support a diagnosis of DKA. b-Suggests metabolic acidosis. c-'Normoglycaemic
DKA' can occur and a glucose of 14 doesn't rule out the diagnosis but it does not support the diagnosis. d-Usually patients are unwell with infections and anorexia.
e-Respiratory compensation leads to rapid deep (Kussmaul's) breathing. (Dr Mike Mulcahy)
3- Which of the following statements concerning abnormalities of the haemoglobin molecule is true?
1) Alpha thalassaemia is due to a deficiency of beta-chain production
2) HbS is caused by a single base mutation on the beta-chain
3) genes for the alpha and beta chains are located on the same chromosome
4) in thalassaemia persistance of HbF is an adverse prognostic sign
5) oliguneoclitide probes may assist in the diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies
Answers-2
Alpha Thalassaemia is due to abnormalities of the alpha chain. Persistence of HbF has survival advnatages in severely affected subjects. C-alpha 16, beta 11. e-Hb
electrophoresis(Dr Shu Ho)
4- Which of the following is a characteristic feature of familial hypercholesterolaemia?
1) Autosomal dominant inheritance
2) elevated chylomicrons
3) hypertriglyceridaemia
4) increased expression of LDL receptors
5) Palmar xanthomas
Answers-1
Familial hypercholesterolaemia is an autosomal dominant condition manifest by increased LDL concentrations (not chylomicrons) due to constitutional abnormalities and reduced numbers of the LDL receptor. Hypertriglyceridaemia is not characteristic and HDL concentrations are usually decreased. Tendon xanthomata are characteristic and the condition is associated with a premature cardiovascular mortality.
5- Which one of the following is a feature of the VIPoma syndrome?
1) Alkalosis
2) Hypoglycaemia
3) Hypokalaemia
4) Increased gastric acid seceretion
5) Provocation of VIP release by somatostatin
Answers-3
a, b,d,e: All opposite to what is expected. VIPOMA -Features vasoactive intestinal polypeptide secreting tumour, mainly pancreas rarely ganglioneuroblatoma
(sympathetic chain or adrenal cortex), secretory diarrhoea ('pancreatic cholera'), weight loss, dehydration, abdominal colic, cutaneous flushing, raised plasma VIP,
urea+Calcium, raised plasma pancreatic polypeptide, hypokalaemic acidosis (loss of alkaline secretions), achlorydia, mildly raised glucose, normal functions of VIP. -
increased intestinal secretion water and electrolytes -peripheral vasodilation - inhibits gastric acid secretion -potentiates acetylcholine action on salivary glands
More Questions & Answers:-
Page1 Page2 Page3 Page4 Page5 Page6 Page7 Page8 Page9 Page10
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